The European Union has pursued a phased and relatively restrained response to U.S. tariffs, as its leaders weigh the risk of escalation.

European Union member states voted Wednesday to approve retaliatory tariffs on $23 billion in goods in response to President Trump’s 25% tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, as the largest U.S. trading partner described them as “unjustified and damaging.

European Union members approved an initial list of U.S. goods that will be subject to tariffs, giving the bloc power to impose levies on some products as early as next week.