U.S. exports face the EU's standard tariffs of 5.5% on imports of ammonia, and 6.5% on nitrogen fertilisers, as well as an extra 29.48 euro-per-tonne anti-dumping duty on U.S. urea ammonium nitrate (UAN).

The European Union said it is preparing “countermeasures” against the U.S. following President Donald Trump’s unexpected announcement that he would increase his tariffs on steel. EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Trump last week agreed to “rapidly” begin on a trade deal.