At the lower end, the 11 lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal dermatomes are often grouped together as the lower extremity dermatomes. A spinal nerve root is a bundle of nerve fibers that branches off ...

The cauda equina is the lumbar and sacral nerve roots extending from the lowest part of the spinal cord. It fills the thecal sac from approximately L2 to S1. Symptoms include urinary retention or ...

New research confirms that sacral nerve stimulation is a feasible ... chronic urinary retention might be mediated through S3 nerve root stimulation and reflex relaxation of the spastic pelvic ...

Sacral spinal nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence: multicentre study. Lancet 363 , 1270–1276 (2004). Article PubMed Google Scholar ...

Each facet joint is connected to a capsular ligament. The cauda equina is a fanning bundle of lumbar and sacral nerve roots exiting the spinal cord. The cordtypically terminates at the L1-L2 level ...