Figure 5. Three types of surfaces showing different applicability for profiler or areal topography measurements: (A) profile roughness standard; (B) cross-hatch texture on bore cylinder; and (C) ...

Irregularities present on a surface are often described as surface roughness or texture. These surface textures such as grooves and dimples impart friction, which is the force between two sliding ...

The most common roughness analysis method, published in the ISO 25178 international standard for measurement of 3D surface texture, calculates the root mean square (RMS) height (S q) relative to the ...