We report on the integration of sub-melt laser spike annealing (LSA) on W-gate stacked DRAM. We applied the LSA as a reactivation in back-end processes to comply with the considerable metal-pattern ...

Many modern devices—from cellphones and computers to electric vehicles and wind turbines—rely on strong magnets made from ...

S, P, and C aggregate together in the analytical volume. Silicate inclusion, containing lithophile elements of Al, Ca, Mg, K, and so on, is embedded within the metal phase for the immiscibility ...