All the circuits that we have analyzed are linear circuits and we must be more specific in defining a linear circuit. We can consider the most important consequence of linearity, the principle of ...

Measuring resistance doesn’t seem to be a big deal. Put your meter leads across two wires or terminals and read the value, right? Most of the time that is good enough, but sometimes you need better ...

The low output voltage level of the analog sensor and the long distance to the control room together constitute significant system design challenges. Here are clues on how to solve them. The 4-20 mA ...

Download this article in PDF format. Determining the resistor values and assuring performance of the circuit associated with a photocoupler (also called an optocoupler or optoisolator) is simple in ...