The use of such veins or other access points, such as cephalic, basilic ... Medical History Repeated phlebotomy, history of surgeries, or IV drug abuse may also lead to scarring of the veins ...

BVT is a useful autologous procedure for hemodialysis and the preferred access alternative in patients without an adequate cephalic vein. Although patencies remain poor relative to other ...

Intraoperative duplex ultrasonography was used to assess the degree of venodilatation of the basilic and cephalic veins before and after the block. The site of each measurement was marked on the ...