Cardiac output close cardiac outputThe amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output. is the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle ...
Stroke volume was calculated by the invasively validated aortic annular leading-edge method as (aortic annular cross-sectional area) × (Doppler time velocity integral of aortic annular flow), 24 and ...
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