Whether infection of cells by individual virions occurs randomly or if there is some form (s) of competition or cooperativity between individual virions remains largely unknown for most virus-cell ...

Abstract: We address the problem of steering the state of a linear stochastic system to a prescribed distribution over a finite horizon with minimum energy, and the problem to maintain the state at a ...

Where \(X\) is a normally distributed random variable with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\). The peak of the curve occurs at \(x=\mu\), and the spread ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...

Abstract: In energy-only electricity markets, the operational reserve demand curve is a scarcity pricing mechanism adopted to address the shortage of reserves and incentivize the generators. It is ...