Today, scientists call this the Messinian Salinity Crisis: in the dying days of the Miocene epoch, most of the Mediterranean died. But if, on a certain day about 5.3 million years ago ...

The mainstream American news media have failed as an institution to properly confront the country’s worsening democracy crisis in the Age of Trump. He is America’s first elected autocrat.

The trouble is, most of the previous evidence came from salt deposits — some kilometers thick — on the Mediterranean seafloor — an indication of what scientists call the Messinian salinity crisis.

This so-called Messinian Salinity Crisis lasted for 600,000 years. Previously, scientists thought the Mediterranean gradually refilled over 10,000 years. Now, it seems it happened within a couple ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Daniel García-Castellanos does research on public European and Spanish funding. Paul Carling does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that ...

which formed 6 million years ago during a sharp increase in salinity dubbed the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Gypsum deposits form quickly, making them an excellent medium for fossils—the fossils ...

"The Messinian Salinity Crisis occurred when the Mediterranean Sea was cut off from the Atlantic Ocean," said Sellam. "This led to rapid evaporation, causing the sea to become hypersaline and ...

Is it possible for you to survive in the Late Miocene Epoch? In the Late Miocene Epoch, tectonic forces uplifted the Earth's crust, blocking off the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean. A ...

Until, that is, this roughly 600,000-year-long period known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis suddenly came to an end. At first, scientists believed that the water’s return to the Mediterranean ...

An international team of researchers has uncovered new evidence supporting the Zanclean megaflood, a theorized event that refilled the Mediterranean Sea after the Messinian Salinity Crisis had ...

Until recently, scientists believed that the dry period of the Messinian salinity crisis ended gradually over a period of 10,000 years. This idea was challenged by evidence of a single massive ...