Effective wastewater treatment relies on the recycling of activated sludge (RAS) to sustain microbial activity in aeration ...

Abstract: This express brief addresses the optimal power flow (OPF) analysis in direct-current (DC) resistive networks with constant power loads (CPLs). The OPF employs the vortex search algorithm ...

A series of compact oval gear flow meters that offer a cost effective yet accurate and stable solution for flow measurement in low flow ranges. Features Compact, lightweight flow sensors Simple, ...

Abstract: A self-sustained dielectric constant (i.e., permittivity) measurement system for liquid is proposed. A tunable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is exploited to form a ...