With the advent of international chess tournaments in the Victorian era, it became clear that a standard size and shape for the ancient game's 32 pieces was required. It was Nathaniel Cook's ...

Made for the masses, many pieces from the Victorian era - the typical Willow or Asiastic Pheasant pattern plate among them - are so numerous today as to have little value. As stated above, it is ...

Viral tissue culture methods developed from 1950-1985, and led to the advent of the Salk (inactivated) polio vaccine and the Sabin (live attenuated oral) polio vaccine. 10.