Duplex stainless steel; Niobium; Sigma Phase; Laves Phase; Chemical Industry. 1. INTRODUCTION. Stainless steels are materials used in a wide variety of applications, including the chemical and ...

The ionic partition diagram methodology has been generalized to address both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds and to consider biphasic systems with variable phase volume ratios. With this ...

Stainless steel and copper alloys joints are often applied in aerospace, marine and power industries where both high thermal and electrical ... (L1), and a copper-rich melt (L2), as illustrated in ...