In this obligate mutualism, the survival of one species depends on its association with the other. Interestingly, the size and quantity of both housing and food rewards can vary at different times ...

Scientists discovered that swollen-thorn acacias invested more in ant rewards during a drought, suggesting that mutualistic interactions play a crucial role in the plant's survival, even during climat ...

The genus Ficus (figs) and their agaonid pollinating fig wasps are a classic example of coevolution. It represents perhaps the most extreme and ancient (about 75 million years) obligate ...

A population of mutualists must eventually reach a maximum carrying capacity because of intraspecific competition for limited resources, even if another population of mutualists is present in excess.

In obligate pollination mutualism, selection should favor increased exploitation by either party at the expense of the other. One potential pathway to increase such exploitation at the expense of the ...