New research suggests that modern conditions may trace back to Neanderthal skull traits we share with our extinct cousins.

The Neanderthals are our closest extinct relatives, and they continue to fascinate as we peer back through tens of thousands ...

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The researchers discovered that even long-extinct close human relatives such as Neanderthals—who likely had the anatomical features for speech and carried a variant of another language-linked ...

Speech allowed us to share information, coordinate activities and pass down knowledge, giving us an edge over extinct cousins like Neanderthals and Denisovans.

MORE: Change in landscape for early hominids may have led to the development of speech, new study finds Neanderthals are believed to have become extinct about 40,000 years ago, Krause said.

Neanderthals are often pictured as stooped, brutish, hairy, and dumb. However, this image is based largely on the preconceived notions of ourselves and paleontologists from long ago.

Neanderthals are also vital for understanding the uniqueness or otherwise of our species, Homo sapiens. We shared an ancestor with the Neanderthals around 600,000 years ago.

Neanderthals stopped roaming Earth around 40,000 years ago. Yet as time passes, new technologies are helping scientists learn more about Homo neanderthalensis, how they might have lived, and what ...