In an era driven by complex data, scientists are increasingly encountering information that doesn't lie neatly on flat, ...
Abstract: Mean hitting time for random walks on a network, defined as the average of hitting times over all possible pairs of nodes, has found a large variety of applications in many areas. In this ...
Abstract: In probability theory, variance is a device to measure dispersion of random variable from its mean. In order to explain complex uncertain random variable,variance and pseudo-variance are ...
The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...
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