A urethral caruncle is a small, non-cancerous growth that can form near the opening of the urethra, mostly in women after menopause and rarely in men. Low estrogen levels can cause changes in the ...

The term functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNLDO; watering with patent drainage) is misleading as it implies occluded drainage and solely nasolacrimal duct pathology. 'Normal' tear ...

Any abnormalities of the urethra should be noted, such as a diverticulum, caruncle, or unsuspected urethral hypersuspension. The degree of enlargement of a cystocele with straining should be noted.

A urethral caruncle is a small, non-cancerous growth that can form near the opening of the urethra, mostly in women after menopause and rarely in men. Low estrogen levels can cause changes in the ...