We compute the Fourier transform (or vacuum characteristic function) of quantum random variables (observables), defined as self-adjoint finite sums of Fock space operators, satisfying the ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Educational Studies in Mathematics, Vol. 73, No. 1 (Jan., 2010), pp. 3-19 (17 pages) This study is part of a project concerned with the analysis of how students work with two-variable functions. This ...

Researchers have uncovered deep connections among different types of random objects, illuminating hidden geometric structures. These are not the kinds of objects that concern Scott Sheffield.

The last time I looked at random walks, I used them to calculate the value of Pi for Pi Day. But what is a random walk, really? A mathematician will tell you that it's a stochastic process—a path ...