Monte Carlo track structure codes provide valuable information for understanding radiation effects down to the DNA level, where experimental measurements are most difficult or unavailable. It is well ...

Electrons are still almost perfectly round, a new measurement shows. A more squished shape could hint at the presence of never-before-seen subatomic particles, so the result stymies the search for new ...

In biological systems, electron flow often occurs very quickly between distant redox centers in electron-transfer proteins. Researchers have proposed that charge transfer in such proteins is ...

A spacecraft at near-Earth orbit is continuously bombarded by charged particles. Scientists have now developed a unique model that simulates electron environment in the near-Earth space. A spacecraft ...

The electron, against predictions, appears to be perfectly round, raising questions about one of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. An electron's shape refers to that of the cloud of ...