The relative frequency definition of probability says: If an experiment is repeated, the probability of an event (a specified outcome of the experiment) is the relative frequency of occurrence of that ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

A discrete random variable is a type of random variable that can take on a countable set of distinct values. Common examples include the number of children in a family, the outcome of rolling a die, ...

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of designing nonlinear discrete-time dynamical systems for prospective use in low-complexity random signal generators. Drawing upon ergodic systems theory, ...

We consider a discrete-time risk process driven by proportional reinsurance and an interest rate process. We assume that the interest rate process behaves as a Markov chain. To reduce the risk of ruin ...

CBSE Class 12 Maths Formulas Probability: Every student knows the Pythagoras theorems and the quadratic equations. This is essential mathematical knowledge that most people possess, whether math ...

Abstract: This article studies the stabilization problem for a class of discrete-time hidden semi-Markov jump linear systems with partly unknown emission probability matrix. By virtue of the improved ...