A device that breaks up an electromagnetic wave into its different frequencies (wavelengths) by scattering them at different angles. For example, a series of thousands of scored lines in a glass plate ...

The first law of refraction states that the incident rays, refracted rays, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle of ...

In 1967 the Russian physicist Victor Veselago predicted the existence of a material with a negative index of refraction, which he termed “left-handed.” He concluded that in the presence of such a ...

Light scattering as the basis for size determination of many objects has been explored for a long time. It was Gustav Mie, author of the Mie Scattering Theory, who studied gold nanoparticles in ...

Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

Time-varying systems, materials with properties that change over time, have opened new possibilities for the experimental manipulation of waves. Contrarily to static systems, which exhibit the same ...