Abstract: We propose a continuous-variable quantum secret sharing scheme based on multi-ring discrete modulation, which we called MR-CVQSS. In this scheme, phase shift keying (PSK)-modulated coherent ...
Abstract: Generally, the internal states of most engineering systems are inaccessible to sensors under operational conditions, permitting indirect measurements and failures to be observed discretely.
The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...
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