We show that, compared with surgeon predictions and existing risk-prediction tools, our machine-learning model can enhance ...

Abstract: In probability theory, variance is a device to measure dispersion of random variable from its mean. In order to explain complex uncertain random variable,variance and pseudo-variance are ...

The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...

Abstract: An exact closed-form expression is developed for the probability density function (PDF) of the sum of independent but not necessarily identically distributed Nakagami-m random variables. By ...