Everything alive is made up of cells, and what made the first cells different from chemical reactions occurring in the environment is a membrane. By investigating what properties these early ...

this has turned out to be a prescient description of the interior of eukaryotic cells. In addition to membrane-encased organelles—the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus, to name a ...

Unlike other organelles (miniature organs within the cell), mitochondria have two membranes, an outer one and an inner one. Each membrane has different functions. Mitochondria have different ...

The diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome is one of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery. The myriad causes of compartment syndrome and the severe soft tissue findings ...

For initial treatment, compressive dressings should be removed and the limb elevated to heart level. Careful nursing and physician assessments should be done serially to assess changes in limb ...

The importance of crude oil cannot be overstated in modern life. It powers vehicles, heats homes, and fuels industries. Yet this process is one of the planet’s largest energy drains. Roughly 1 ...

Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, United States ...

Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK Division of Pharmacy and ...

The eardrum, also known as the tympanic membrane or tympanum, is a thin layer of skin stretched tight like a drum in the ear. The eardrum separates the external (outer) ear from the middle ear and ...

Background Finger extension weakness could be a presentation of either posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) syndrome or multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). However, there is a delay in the diagnosis of ...