Julie Young is an experienced financial writer and editor. She specializes in financial analysis in capital planning and investment management. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker.

Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

This is a graduate-level course focused on techniques and models in modern discrete probability. Topics include: the first and second moment methods, Chernoff bounds and large deviations, martingales, ...

Studies axioms, counting formulas, conditional probability, independence, random variables, continuous and discrete distribution, expectation, joint distributions, moment generating functions, law of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

The entropy score of an observed outcome that has been given a probability forecast p is defined to be -log p. If p is derived from a probability model and there is a background model for which the ...

This course is available on the MSc in Mathematics and Computation. This course is available with permission as an outside option to students on other programmes where regulations permit. This course ...

Majors usually begin by taking the calculus sequence. By the end of their first year, it is highly suggested for students to take either of the introductory proof classes (Discrete Math or Number ...