Electrons in atoms occupy energy levels, also called electron shells, outside the nucleus. Different shells can hold different maximum numbers of electrons. The electrons in an atom occupy the ...

The ions formed have a full outer electron shell, so are very stable. See the study guide on groups in the periodic table for more information.

The elements were placed in the periodic table’s seventh row ... theorized that some nuclei have closed shells of neutrons and protons – the maximum (magic) number of nucleons of similar ...

In 1869, Mendeleev's first periodic table did not include them, as closed-shell elements remained undiscovered until Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsey isolated argon in 1894. Remarkably ...