Cells and tissues can undergo a variety of biological and structural changes in response to mechanical forces. Only a few existing techniques are available for quantification of structural changes at ...

Cell mechanics regulate many biological processes, including immune recognition, coagulation, cell migration, and differentiation. The gold standard for mapping the direction and magnitude of cell ...

The developed high-speed three-dimensional scanning force microscopy enabled the measurement of 3D force distribution at solid-liquid interfaces at 1.6 s/3D image. With this technique, 3D hydration ...

Research to understand how cancers grow and spread has conventionally been done on two-dimensional, flat cultures of cells, which is very different to the three-dimensional structure of cells in the ...