The cells that first responded to the danger were guard, mesophyll, or epidermal cells. Guard cells are bean-shaped and form ...

This reduction is primarily due to a decrease in mesophyll conductance (gm), which is associated with thicker cell walls and fewer chloroplasts. Pathway analysis indicates that increased lignin ...

Spongy mesophyll close spongy mesophyllThe plant tissue in a leaf which has loosely packed cells and air spaces between them to allow gas exchange. tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange.

and ends with the fully structured leaf, composed of several cell types such as trichomes, guard cells, epidermal and mesophyll layers, and vascular cells.