The immune system’s front line of defence against pathogens are the barriers presented by surfaces including the skin, gut mucosa and airway epithelium. Whilst providing a physical barrier through a ...

The integumentary system is the physical system that forms the barrier between the external environment and the internal systems of the body. In humans, this system consists of skin, hair, nails, and ...

Recent immunology research has unveiled the complex relationship between vitamin D and immune system function. This vital nutrient is involved in the development and function of the immune system, ...

Red blood cells are important mediators of the innate immune system. Depending on the cellular environment, these cells either activate the immune system or maintain the system in a dormant state. In ...

The ability of a cell to divide, to proliferate, is essential for life and gives rise to the formation of complex organisms from a single cell. It also allows the replacement of used cells from a ...

Scientists have identified a biological ‘switch' that prevents the immune system from attacking healthy cells. This discovery could revolutionize treatments for autoimmune diseases, which affect ...

Lymphatic drainage is a simple but precise process that can have positive effects on the immune system. It usually requires specialized knowledge and training, but the treatment itself only involves a ...

Why do cats generally live longer than dogs? New research suggests that longer lifespans of mammals like cats could be linked to their bigger brains and more complex immune systems. An international ...

A recent study in Nature examined the effects of gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) on the immune system in trans gendermen. Men and women differ in their severity levels for infectious and ...

A person’s menstrual cycle may affect their immune system’s response, causing fluctuations throughout the month. The menstrual cycle involves a series of changes in hormone levels and structures ...

But her lifespan was remarkable - and also inscrutable. When she died last year, aged 117 and still in relatively good health ...