This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

A LARGE part of statistical theory is based on the assumption that measurements are distributed in normal probability curves and that the variance is constant. The normal curve was discovered by de ...

Review challenges in the use of normality testing situations and recommendations on how to assess data distributions in the pharmaceutical development manufacturing environment Statisticians ...

Exact means in samples of size ≥ 3, and exact second moments and product-moments in samples of size ≤ 4, are given in Table 1 in terms of π for order statistics selected from the normal distribution N ...

The generation of custom graphs with Microsoft Excel enables an engineer or analyst to plot untransformed data for gaining an understanding of problems related to oil and gas operations. The ...

A bell curve is a graph used to visualize the distribution of a set of chosen values across a specified group that tend to have central, normal values that peak, with low and high extremes tapering ...