Semigroups of transformations and endomorphisms have emerged as powerful algebraic frameworks to elucidate the underlying structures of graphs. By harnessing the principles of semigroup theory, ...

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. The graph of \(y = f(x)\) where \(f(x) = x^2\) is the same as the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Finite impulse response (FIR) models are among the most basic tools in control theory and signal processing and are routinely used in almost ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The modeling of traffic control systems for solving such problems as surface street signalization, dynamic traffic assignment, etc., typically ...