Beneath the deep shade of the boreal conifers, the forest floor is cold, dark, and damp. The ground cover varies from bare patches of partially decayed conifer needles and debris to a profusion of ...

In the wet forests of southeastern Australia, superb lyrebirds engage in extraordinary behavior—tilling the soil to create ...

As you can see, not much light can penetrate through the canopy. On the forest floor only a few herbaceous plants can grow and survive the low light conditions - like mosses, lichen and ferns.