Cardiac output close cardiac outputThe amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output. is the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle ...
Monitoring cardiac output is essential in the treatment of critically ill patients. It may improve the indication and choice of treatment in a hemodynamically unstable patient. Furthermore, the ...
Stroke volume was calculated by the invasively validated aortic annular leading-edge method as (aortic annular cross-sectional area) × (Doppler time velocity integral of aortic annular flow), 24 and ...
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