“Unlike traditional star-based navigation systems ... can lead to significant positional inaccuracies. While atmospheric refraction methods show promise, they require highly stable platforms.

One well-known data point about the upper atmosphere is the air's index of refraction ... challenge is that each camera needs to image a star at frame rates of over 1,000 frames per second ...

We demonstrate the importance of atmospheric differential refraction, present calculations to predict the effect of atmospheric differential refraction, and finally discuss the implications of ...