In order to get blood to the heart muscle of a by-pass patient more efficiently, surgeons first need to borrow veins or arteries from non-critical areas of the body and then stitch them into the ...

All blood vessels are specifically structured to perform their function. For example, a capillary is microscopically thin to allow gases to exchange, the arteries are tough and flexible to cope ...

People who have an abnormal passageway between an artery and vein (arteriovenous fistula) in the leg. Vein ligation and stripping removes varicose veins successfully in 80 out of 100 people. That ...